ENT1-3 proteins transport both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides regardless of differences in substrate specificity. ENT family, except ENT4, transports the natural nucleosides across biological membranes by facilitating diffusion with broad substrate selectivity but comparatively lower affinity than CNTs. ĮNT family genes contain four members (ENT1, SLC29A1 ENT2, SLC29A2 ENT3, SLC29A3 and ENT4, SLC29A4). Structurally, the families that mediate nucleoside transport (NTs) are classified into two separate families of proteins: Na +-dependent concentrative transporters (CNTs SLC28) and equilibrative bidirectional transporters (ENTs SLC29). Thus, many of the important groups of transmembrane proteins are comprised of these transporters which are involved in the uptake of many different endogenous substrates, such as metabolites, and xenobiotic substrates, such as nutrients, drugs, and toxins. More than four hundred transporters are organized into fifty-five families belonging to the SLC superfamily. The two membrane transporter protein superfamilies are the Solute Carrier (SLC) and ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC). The analysis of the human genome sequences indicates that approximately 4% of all genes encode transporter proteins.
#The transporter 2 update
This review is aimed at highlighting the main roles of ENT2 and at providing a brief update on the recent research. Therefore, elucidating the physiological roles of ENT2 and its properties may contribute to a better understanding of ENT2 roles beyond their transportation mechanism. Furthermore, ENT2 plays critical roles in signaling pathway and cell cycle progression. Since high expression of ENT2 has been correlated with advanced stages of different types of cancers, consequently, this has gained significant interest in the role of ENT2 as a potential therapeutic target.
ENT2 mediates the uptake of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleobase besides transporting a variety of nucleoside-derived drugs, mostly in anticancer therapy. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) is a bidirectional transporter embedded in the biological membrane and is ubiquitously found in most tissue and cell types.
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